WHAT HAPPENS DURING A LAPAROSCOPY?

  A surgical oncologist, Dr. Sabha Ganai has several years of experience practicing and teaching surgery, after graduating from the University of Southern California in 2001. A member of the Board of Directors for the Consortium of Surgical Ethics, Dr. Sabha Ganai is a surgical oncologist who maintains two board certifications which include practice in laparoscopic surgery.

A minimally invasive surgical procedure, laparoscopy relies on a device known as a laparoscope (an elongated tube with a bright light and camera at the front) to examine the body’s internal structures. In the field of cancer, the procedure may be recommended when there is a need to diagnose or biopsy the abdominal cavity and may be more effective at confirming metastatic spread than non-invasive diagnostic procedures like CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. Laparoscopy can be used to detect the presence of abdominal or pelvic tumors, sample fluid in the abdominal cavity, and liver disease. During a laparoscopy, a patient will first receive anesthesia. After he or she is completely unconscious, the physician will make a 2 centimeter incision (less than an inch) near the patient’s belly button for the insertion of a tube called a trocar to fill the abdomen with carbon dioxide so that organs can be seen more clearly. After the abdomen is inflated, the physician will insert a laparoscope. This can transmit images of the patient’s organs to a monitor. If the physician then wants to take tissue samples for further analysis, he or she can do so using surgical instruments.

Many surgical procedures can be done laparoscopically, including removal of some tumors involving the stomach, pancreas, liver, spleen, intestine, and colon. In addition, robotic assistance is being used for removal of tumors of the esophagus and rectum.

Small Molecule Causes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Self Destruct

Dr. Sabha Ganai is a respected Chicago surgical oncologist who has overseen multidisciplinary management of tumors spanning the hepatobiliary system, stomach, and foregut. In the latter area, Dr. Sabha Ganai has experience treating cancer of the esophagus and pancreas.

Each year 55,000 Americans are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which centers on an organ tasked with secreting hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, as well as enzymes that assist in digestion. Involving mutated pancreatic cells, the condition is particularly threatening due to the way it quickly spreads to nearby organs.

Researchers at Tel Aviv University recently completed studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of the small molecule PJ34 in inducing self-destruction in pancreatic cancer cells. The mechanism of this molecule, which safely results in cancer cell self-destruction during the mitosis, or duplication, stage, was first published in 2017.

The latest studies involved xenografts, or the transplantation of human pancreatic cancer within immunocompromised mice. The results were that cancer cells within developed tumors were decreased by 90 percent within a single month after drug administration. Adverse effects were not observed, with no behavioral or weight gain changes occurring in the mice.

Improving Value in Health Care – MacLean Lecture Series Perspectives

 

A surgical oncologist with local and international practice experience, Dr. Sabha Ganai has served as the chair of the Cancer Committee of HSHS St. John’s Hospital and director of gastrointestinal oncology at Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University. A staunch advocate for the ethical practice in medicine, Dr. Sabha Ganai is a senior fellow at The MacLean Center for Clinical Ethics at The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine.

For close to 40 years, The MacLean Center has organized an annual lecture series to discuss the ethical elements of different health-related topics. These interdisciplinary seminars have received great interest from health care professionals across the campus. The last lecture series ran from autumn 2018 to spring 2019 and was titled, “Improving Value in the U.S. Health Care System.”

The series examined the roles of patients, health care providers, and policymakers in decision-making, specifically where the last two have to make decisions that present conflict between patient outcomes and stakeholder interests. The consequences of these decisions are often borne by the patients. The series advocated for thoughtful decision-making to improve the value of the overall health care system.

People who spoke at the series include Dr. Ashish Jha and Dr. David Hyman, who explained why health care in the U.S. is so expensive, Dr. Douglas Dirschi, who discussed the law of unintended consequences in surgical care, Dr. Anup Malani, an attorney who presented on health insurance reform, and Dr. Patrick Conway, who spoke about transforming the country’s health care system.

Examples of Cancer Health Disparities

A former assistant professor for Southern Illinois University, Dr. Sabha Ganai is a senior ethics fellow for the University of Chicago. In this role, Dr. Sabha Ganai researches the driving forces fueling cancer health disparities.

Cancer disparities refer to any difference in outcomes, diagnosis, and prevalence based on social groups. The reasons for these disparities can be economic, genetic, environmental, or blend of several factors. Some of the most common disparities include:

1. Mortality rates – Some demographics are more likely to be diagnosed with more aggressive forms of cancer at later stages, which can increase the mortality rate. A myriad of factors contributes to increased cancer mortality rates for African-American women, even though they are less likely to develop cancer than White women.

2. Cancer types – Likewise, cancer prevalence doesn’t translate into higher mortality rates. For example, while Indigenous women and Latinas are more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer, African-American women have a greater likelihood of dying from the disease.

3. Screening rates – Many times, mortality rates and screening habits are correlated. It is believed that a lack of screening contributes to African-American women facing a higher risk of dying of cervical cancer and the overall increased risk of developing cancer associated with a lower socioeconomic status.

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